Ways to Teach Preschoolers Without Curriculum

â€Å"What it the best curriculum for my preschooler?† It is a  question often asked by eager homeschooling parents. The preschool years, usually considered ages two to five, are such an exciting time. Young children, full of curiosity, are ready to begin learning and exploring the world around them. They are full of questions and everything is new and exciting. Because preschoolers are like sponges, soaking in amazing amounts of information, its understandable that parents want to capitalize on that. However, formal curriculum can be stifling to a young child. Preschool children learn best through play, interaction with the people around them, imitation, and hands-on experiences. That said, there is nothing wrong with investing in some quality educational resources for preschoolers and spending some time on formal learning and seat work with your two- to five-year-old. However, ideally, formal work should be kept to 15-20 minutes at a time and limited to an hour or so daily. Limiting the time you spend formally teaching your  preschooler doesn’t mean that learning isn’t taking place the rest of the day. There are many ways to teach young children without curriculum, and most of them you are probably already doing. Dont overlook the educational value of these everyday interactions with your child. 1. Ask Questions Make it a point to regularly engage your preschooler. Young children are no strangers to asking questions, but be sure you’re asking some of your own. Ask your preschooler about his play activity.  Ask him  to describe his drawing or creation. When you’re reading books or watching TV with your preschooler, ask her questions such as: Why do you think the character did that?How do you think that made the character feel?What would you have done in that situation?How would that make you feel?What do you think will happen next? Make sure youre asking the questions as part of an overall conversation with your child. Dont make her feel like youre quizzing her.   2. Don’t â€Å"Dumb Down† Conversations Don’t use baby talk with your preschooler or modify your vocabulary. I’ll never forget the time my two-year-old stated that it was â€Å"ridiculous† that a certain attraction was closed at the children’s museum. Children are fantastic contextual learners when it comes to vocabulary, so don’t purposely choose simpler words when you would normally use a more complex one. You can always ask your child to be sure she understands and explain if she doesn’t. Practice naming objects that you encounter as you go about your daily routine, and call them by their  actual names. For example, â€Å"This white flower is a daisy and that yellow one is a sunflower† instead of just calling them flowers. â€Å"Did you see that German Shepherd? Hes much bigger than the poodle, isnt he?† â€Å"Look at that large oak tree. That small one next to it is a dogwood.† 3. Read Every Day One of the best sit-down  ways for young children to learn is reading books together. Spend time reading with your preschoolers every day—even that book you’ve read so many times you don’t even have to look at the words anymore. Preschoolers also learn through repetition, so even though you’re tired of the book, reading it—again—provides another learning opportunity for them. Make sure that you take time to slow down and enjoy the illustrations as well. Talk about the objects in the pictures or how the characters facial expressions show how theyre feeling. Take advantage of opportunities like story time at the library. Listen to audio books together at home or as you run errands in the car. Some of the benefits of listening to a parent read aloud (or listening to audio books) include: Improved vocabularyIncreased attention spanImproved  creativity and imaginationImproved  thinking skillsEncouragement of language and speech development Use the books you read as a springboard for extension activities. Are you reading Blueberries for Sal? Go blueberry picking or bake blueberry cobbler together. Are you reading The Story of Ferdinand? Look up Spain on a map. Practice counting to ten or saying hello in Spanish. The Big Red Barn? Visit a farm or petting zoo. If You Give a Mouse a Cookie? Bake cookies together or dress up and take pictures. Picture Book Activities by Trish Kuffner is an excellent resource for activities designed for preschoolers and based on popular children’s books. Don’t feel that you have to limit your child to picture books.Young children often enjoy more complex stories. I had a friend who couldn’t wait to share her love of Chronicles of Narnia  with her children. She read the entire series to them when they were preschool and early elementary age. You may want to consider classics  such as Peter Pan or Winnie the  Pooh.  The Classics Starts series, designed for readers ages 7-9, is also an excellent option for introducing young children—even preschoolers—to classic literature. 4. Play with Your Preschoolers Fred Rogers said, â€Å"Play is really the work of childhood.† Play is how children assimilate information about the world around them.  One simple way for preschoolers to learn without curriculum is to provide a learning-rich environment. Create an atmosphere that invites creative free play and exploration. Young children love to play dress up and learn through imitation and pretend play. Have fun playing store or restaurant with your child. Some simple skill-building activities to enjoy with your preschooler include: Working puzzlesBuilding with blogsDropping clothes pins into clean milk jugsColoring and paintingSculpting with modeling clayPlaying with lacing cardsStringing beads or cerealCutting pictures out of magazines and pasting them on construction paper to make a collageCutting plastic straws 5. Explore Together Spend some time actively noticing your surroundings with your preschooler. Go on nature walks—even if it’s just around your yard or neighborhood. Point out the things you see and talk about them â€Å"Look at the butterfly. Do you remember the moth we saw last night? Do you know that you can tell moths and butterflies apart by their antennae and the way they hold their wings? What are antennae? They are those long, thin pieces (or appendages if you want to use concrete vocabulary) you see on the butterfly’s head. They’re used to help the butterfly smell and keep his balance.† Begin laying the simple foundations for math concepts such as big and little; large and small; and more or less. Talk about spatial relations such as near and far and in front of or behind. Talk about shapes, patterns, and colors. Ask your child to look for objects that are round or those that are blue. Categorize objects. For example, you can name various types of insects that you see—ants, beetles, flies, and bees  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ but also put them in the category â€Å"insects† and talk about what makes them each an insect. What do they have in common?  What makes chickens, ducks, cardinals, and blue jays all birds? 6. Look for the Educational Moments in Your Everyday Activities The activities that you do as you go through your day may be routine to you but fascinating to a young child. Don’t miss those teachable moments. Let your preschooler help you measure ingredients as you bake. Explain how he can stay safe in the kitchen. Don’t climb on cabinets. Don’t touch knives without asking. Don’t touch the stove. Talk about why you put stamps on envelopes. (No, they’re not pretty stickers with which to decorate!)  Talk about ways of measuring time. â€Å"Yesterday we went to Grandma’s house. Today we’re going to stay home. Tomorrow, we’ll go to the library.† Let him weigh the produce at the grocery stores. Ask him to predict which he thinks will weigh more or less—the orange or the grapefruit. Identify the yellow bananas, the red tomatoes, and the green cucumbers. Encourage him to count the oranges as you place them in your shopping cart. Preschoolers are learning all the time, often with little purposeful input from the adults around them. If you want to purchase preschool curriculum, thats fine, but dont feel as though you must do so  in order for your preschooler to learn. Instead, be intentional in your interactions with your child because there are countless ways for preschoolers to learn without a curriculum.

Becoming A Merger And Acquisition Consultant - 883 Words

When I consider goals I think of something I want, aspire, or plan on pursuing in a specific field or industry. My short term goals consist of having a complete career change different from my current position now. I have a fondness to work in consulting or in financial services that would later position me for the dream job I desire. By obtaining quality academic education in business administration, I want to develop within a scope of a top financial firm. I want to become a merger and acquisition consultant or organizational development advisor within a top consulting firm company such as McKinsey Company, Boston Consulting Group (BCG) or Booz Company. To get into any top consultant company and help to increase business performance in any area pertaining to strategy expansion, implementation, innovation, organization design, start-ups, mergers and acquisitions or organizational effectiveness would be the ultimate short term goal. 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Concepts of The City Free Essays

string(75) " comes into being when the community is large enough to be self-sufficing\." Crowded, overwhelming, hard work, polluted, stressful and chaotic. Not only words frequently used to describe western cities in a post-modern era, but also concepts portrayed through David Williamson’s play â€Å"Corporate Vibes†. The city is definitely a diverse place. We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of The City or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is not one phrase that can entirely describe a city, as its image is shaped not only through its aesthetic nature, but also the people who make it up, and the industries that it is well known for. People’s perceptions of the city vary with experience. Therefore many texts are opinionated. Even Leo Meier’s stunning photograph of Sydney Harbour was carefully planned to produce a flawless representation of the city. It is clearly evident the city is a source of inspiration to composers. There are a vast range of texts featuring the city as a central element, which all convey varying images, ranging from iniquity to modernity, sexuality, beauty and freedom. Corporate Vibes by David Williamson is a play centralised around a city environment. It is my belief the text inadequately portrayed the whole concept of the city, as Williamson stereotyped not only his characters, but focused his entire approach on business life – as unrealistic as it was. The corporate world is definitely a major component associated with the city, yet it is just one aspect of the typical civilized society. Williamson attempts to humour sympathetic audiences with the central theme a conflict between the traditional autocratic mode of management and modern schools of intervention. He presents an idealistic organisational theory within the practical reality of corporate power structures, which itself contributes as a source of humour to the familiar city-dweller. The whole structure of a company is emphasised on a small scale by the composer. A Chief Executive Officer exists as well as a Marketing and Sales Manager, and the Human Resources and Equal Opportunities Officer. This prevalent business structure is used to identify with an audience, and satirize the often inefficient strategies used in the play. Williamson also focused on the specific jobs, training and connections that are unique to the city, and are rarely seen in country towns. The company â€Å"Siddons Residential† designs apartments to fit the cityscape, and thus this whole notion is very much an urban issue. When discussing selling characteristics of apartments, the character of Megan mentioned, â€Å"People are sick of social isolation†¦ the new move is towards connectedness, community, interaction†. This highlights the idea of anonymity and alienation in the city, which can be viewed on both a positive and negative basis. It can be very comforting to walk down the street and know not one person has any idea as to who you are; yet this can also be a very lonely thought. Sexual freedom is a subject, which in itself can lead to isolation. Freedom in this manner is suggested several times throughout the play, especially in reference to James Glenby, who Sam refers to as â€Å"†¦ the Oberfuhrer and great gay God of all things†¦. † The management team also need to be very understanding when Brian expresses his aspiration to become an interior designer. It is often considered effeminate for a male to enter such a profession, so Brian’s colleagues were mindful to be particularly sensitive when he expressed his aspirations to create his own unique style, – a style which can only be found in the city. This freedom of sexual expression is more firmly demonstrated by the liberty felt by minority groups in the city, such as homosexuals who express their uniqueness in such festivals as the Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gra. Pressure to perform in a job is a significant issue in the corporate world. Stress over the possibility of losing a job is constantly seen in the city where competitiveness is incredibly high. The character of Brian mentioned a typical complaint by employees, when he stated â€Å"†¦ Flat structures. Get rid of middle management. Save costs by getting three times the work from half the staff. † This idea of cutting jobs and thus overheads is rather a taboo amongst staff. Sam realized this problem, when he commented, â€Å"When guys hit fifty they’re finished†¦ everyone gets rid of them these days. † It is obvious this pressure originates from highly competitive work environments which advocate a ‘healthy’ struggle, for both jobs, and market share. Companies are out to make a profit, and have no issue with culling â€Å"dead wood†, as there will always be younger, more technologically advanced workers ready to fill empty places, and willing to work for less. The character of Sam summed up this idea when he remarked, â€Å"Feelings have nothing to do with business – you either perform, or you don’t perform†. Sam had no time for Deborah – ironically the EEO officer, who is an Aboriginal woman. Sam is faced with the issues of multiculturalism and political correctness – matters that are ubiquitous in the city environment. Programs such as Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity, aim to give people of all backgrounds and gender a chance in the working world. It is only in city areas, that such a necessity is recognised; and this whole notion has been incorporated in the play by both the race and gender of particular characters. Acceptance of diversity is essential in an urban environment, for life to run comparatively smoothly. The corporate relationship between Deborah and Sam was constantly a hostile one, because he could not accept Deborah as a serious working associate due to her background and qualifications. Especially considering the city is such a large place in population, the acceptance of others is important to both a company and a city itself . Relationships must be maintained for the good of efficiency and productivity. People constantly rely on each other, and without people there would be no city. Even thousands of years ago, this notion was still respected. The philosopher Aristotle criticized Plato’s idea that the greater the unity of the state the better, when he remarked, â€Å"A city only comes into being when the community is large enough to be self-sufficing. You read "Concepts of The City" in category "Papers" If self-sufficiency is to be desired, the lesser degree of unity is more desirable than the greater. † Of course self-sufficiency is only achieved through co-operation and cohesion. What good is a large city if it will not work together? Here, Aristotle is essentially commenting that it is more beneficial to have a smaller unit of people working together in a community, rather than a large group moving in opposing directions. Thus differences need to be overcome through acceptance, for people to collaborate and for a city to function. This stress and chaotic life experienced in the city can be contrasted by the perfect images often presented in travel brochures and on postcards. Leo Meier’s untitled photograph of Sydney Harbour is one such example. The text depicts the city to be a magnificent, aesthetic place, which is still in touch with nature. The setting of dusk captures the moment when the city is just beginning to come alive, and is by no means peaceful after a long day. The composer has intended the city to be portrayed as continuous, yet an icon of beauty, which is distinctly Australian. The impression expressed by the image is that of vigilance and a never-sleeping city, yet one which has a famous nightlife and festive atmosphere. The working life by day has disappeared, and the social side of the city is just being revealed. The wide lens used, which has created a panoramic view, captures the sheer expanse of the Harbour. The water itself inspires a sense of calm, as it appears somewhat like glass, reflecting the chaos of the city nightlife above. The Harbour contrasts the city to emphasise Sydney’s chaotic nature and the element that is never sleeping. The array of colours, the lighting used, and vantage point all stress the connection between the city and its historic and natural components. Corporate Vibes is simply centred on the internal and external struggles encountered by a company in the workforce, where as this photograph demonstrates the relationship between the economy and the city’s aesthetic qualities found in nature and historical structures. Although Corporate Vibes focused on challenges and difficulties encountered in the workplace, its perception was not entirely negative. The poem ‘City Trip’ by Cynthia L Hoefling, is rather damning about the city in general, with the text centralising its main theme on depression and hopelessness. Despite this feature, the composer also attempts to create compassion for a city, in the midst of expressing pathos and negativity. The author personifies the city so that it can be compared to a mother, which is evident in the line â€Å"†¦ I have seen her weep for her children†. A once happy and lively place, now the city has been undermined by the evil of its inhabitants and their apathetic attitude, transforming it into a threatening, unnatural and lonely area. In the poem, the negative elements are seen to destroy the city’s aesthetic and cultural beauty, not so much that the audience comes to despise it, but more so feels sorrow for a potentially vivacious and striking feature of a nation. The poet portrays the city in a critical state, as depicted by the line â€Å"†¦ eon lights flashing with urgency†. Unwelcome industries have invaded this centralised area. The prostitutes are described as â€Å"pooling like tears†, giving an impression of a great puddle, with each individual an insignificant, identical portion. What legitimate industry does exist is depersonalised, especially in the phrase â€Å"blind businessmen†¦ in their world of grey and green†, which signifies hom ogeny, drudgery and conformity, while the colour green symbolises the dirty colour of money – a frequent drive for a city. Ending the poem with the emphasis of architecture, described as â€Å"brick, steel and stone†, Hoefling has stressed the meaning to the poem – that the city is a lonely, depressing and futile place to live. The futility of a city is expressed nowhere as vividly as the modern appropriation of Little Red Riding Hood, titled ‘Scarlet’. The text gives a very interesting view of the City of Sydney. The story focuses on the drug and sex industry of the city, as well as its speed and corruption. The phrase â€Å"Electric neon pulsed across the footpath†¦ signs flashing Live Sex, Pussycat, Love Machine†¦ contrasts the innocence, which would normally be associated with the life of an 11 year old. Scarlet was exposed to lesbians, prostitutes, and drug users. Every negative aspect a city could possibly possess, the author focuses on. No beauty can be found in the image portrayed – which is an image created to disturb. Dirty – morally, socially and physically, the city is illustrated as a repulsive place – a representation which can be contrasted with Leo Meier’s photograph of the Harbour, which gives a flawless image of the city. The story emphasises a dark and disturbing element, in which anonymity can be a dangerous aspect. The concept of being a stranger, and thus being surrounded by strangers is a hazardous situation for Scarlet, who is lulled into a false sense of security by the ‘policeman’ – a figure of society that ironically symbolises protection. Represented as the modern jungle, the city is seen as an environment in which it is essential to possess knowledge in order to survive. Scarlet saved herself from the rapist by injecting him with an overdose of drugs. The disturbing aspect is that she learnt the method and amount to use from her mother and grandfather who are both drug users. The city is not only seen as a sexual centre evident by the live shows, services and the sinister rapist, but it is also a commercial hub, still attracting tourists. The author refers to the â€Å"large red and white Coca Cola sign† at the cross, and the cars â€Å"crawling between traffic lights†. This story acts as an unhealthy contrast to the many glowing representations of the city – especially of Sydney. Drug use is apparent, and even prevalent in Kings Cross, but sex, drugs and crime is not all what the city stands for. This text in my opinion has failed to so much as touch on any positive aspects of the city. Although it has fulfilled its purpose of a good appropriation, the author has intentionally omitted any good qualities Sydney boasts. The Lands Department, Macquarie Place Sydney is a remarkable building that possesses historic beauty amongst a chaotic built-up area. As one of Sydney’s oldest buildings that represents heritage and culture, it is no wonder why Roland Wakelin chose this structural feature of Sydney as the subject matter for his landscape painting. The emphasis on architecture suggests the recognition of the pride and beauty of the city. There is no evident sign of litter in the artwork, and a significant absence of congestion by cars and other conspicuous high-rises. The poem ‘City Trip’ represents the city in an urgent state. The surreptitious nature of the city is expressed by the impoverished homeless and the desperation of the prostitutes. This is in contrast to Wakelin’s artwork, which presents the city as an exposed, yet rather harmonious place. The dull colours, along with the pale blues, deep reds and charcoals illustrate a quiet and serene quality. Since the artwork was composed 57 years ago, it is evident much of the city has changed. Many people believe this change is for the worst. However my perception of the city is somewhat in between. I realise that no city is perfect, yet I believe every city has at least sone positive attributes. It is possibly just the number of these that may vary. In my eyes, the concepts of the city differ dramatically. The element of the corporate world does exist in most cities, yet for a person who is educated five days a week in the city, my perception will of course be persuaded by what Sydney has to offer. I see the city as an energetic and every changing place. It is true crime and immorality exists, and I accept this notion, however my experiences have led me to feel that isolation is not a problem, and anonymity is a positive characteristic. I sense freedom of all categories is extensive, whether it is freedom of sexuality, or the expression of unique style. Personally I could never call the heart of the city ‘home’. I adore the city, especially Sydney, yet I believe the mind needs to take time to relax and unwind – and to me the city is not a tranquil and soothing place. How to cite Concepts of The City, Papers

Employee Issues Dialogue

Question: Discuss about theEmployee Issues Dialogue. Answer: Introduction and Context of the Issue In the contemporary workplaces working condition management is given paramount importance. All the top employers give high emphasis on the development of the working condition so that the employees stay in a content state of mind and gel will to provide the best possible service to a company (Dulebohn et al., 2009). There are number of factors which are related to the betterment of an organisation especially the welfare of the employees working in the organisation. In the recent past there are few key issues which have crept up in the organisational operation who have the capability to put pressure on the organisation and might hinder the overall organisational performance. For instance workplace agreements and industrial relations is a key aspect which has changed the way employees are handled (Donaghey et al., 2011). The impacts of industrial relations and workplace agreements have been debated significantly in Australia. It could be said that most of the companies in Australia are focused on providing better opportunities to the employees but they have somehow lost edge due to the globalised market. For instance in the retail industry Woolworths is one of the effective companies in the country Australia with almost 700 supermarkets all across the world but in the recent past it has faced significant competition from companies like David Jones Limited, Foodland Supermarkets, IGA et cetera (Noe, 2010). The company has had issues with the employees as well especially with motivation and reward management aspect. Reward and motivation are complementary to each other and hence it is important that Woolworths focuses to emphasise on them to improve their employee relations. Given the present scenario Woolworths is the best possible case to be taken for the study (Juholin et al, 2015). Micro Level Analysis of the Issue Reward and motivation naturally helps to develop the relationship between the employers and the employees. It naturally helps to boost the employees to perform their best for the company. Employees nowadays are highly extrinsic in nature and focus on getting rewards and prizes which is the best way to motivate the employees. In the recent past Woolworths have had problems with the employee motivation due to the lack of revamp of its reward management system which has started to put questions on the role of the company in motivating its employees (Ruck Welch, 2012). It could be said that Woolworths revised decisions regarding motivation management reward policies have affected the operational system of the organisation. This issue has currently put pressure on the business due to the lack of motivation of the employees on the organisational operation (Karnes, 2009). It has put pressure on the contemporary workplace like Woolworths. The role of reward and incentives have been long bee n argued to have both kinds of effects on the mindset of employees which clearly means it has significant impact on the employee relations in the company (Stone et al., 2009). For motivation and reward management there are certain internal HRM factors which are responsible and they are: The overall understanding of the HRM regarding the quality of the workforce is a key aspect. The HR department of the organisation should have an excellent understanding of the employee base so that they are able to frame rewards and incentives effectively as per the standards (Gupta Shaw, 2014). The inability of the Human Resource Management to understand or link the organisational objectives with the rewards and incentives set for the employees. It could be said that this factor might hinder the framing of the reward and incentives in the company (Meyer Maltin, 2010). Another key reason have been the inability of the HR department of the company Woolworths to understand how to reward individuals and still promote teamwork. This factor has significantly affected the business as teamwork couldnt be promoted in the company as reward management and motivational concepts could not be properly conveyed and utilised (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). This has created significant gap between the employees and the company especially those who have not been exposed to reward or any kind of incentives for the work. This has affected employment relations significantly with the employees and hence needs to be taken care of in order to ensure effective organisational performance. The distance between managers and employees starts to extend. Hence it is important to have a better procedure for the management of motivation and reward system (Hung et al., 2011). Macro Level Analysis of the Issue Recently Australia has come up with something which will boost the morale of many young people. From the age of 15 to 21 will be given incentives to find work or to study which involves the companies as well to encourage people and develop possibilities to improve them as an individual and as a professional (Rychly, 2009). The companies in the country are advised to act effectively to help this movement and due to this reasons most of the companies had to revamp their reward and incentives policy. It could be said that Woolworths have not been able to focus on the incentive structures which is naturally likely to create issues for the employees. On the other hand the Federal Fair Work Act 2009 also advises all the companies including public companies to provide fair incentives to the employees for their work and their dedication (Clauwaert Schomann, 2012). It is mandatory for all the companies to meet the different policies laid down by this legislation and in case the company devia tes from the legislation it will not be working as per the standards laid down by the government which is likely to affect the business performance as there will be strong difference between employees and the company (Fichter et al., 2011). In the recent past Woolworths has faced significant problems with the employees as it has not been able to provide suitable incentives to all the performing employees due to its poor structure and this clearly leads to the problem. Hence it could be said that the above mentioned legislation is favorable for the employees and all the employers are bound to follow the guidelines regarding incentives and rewards as per the standard system of the legislation (Heyes, 2011). On the other hand the National Employment Standards should also be implemented in order to ensure that leaves and other employment benefits are effectively provided which has not been the case with Woolworths and this has affected the employees as well as their relations with the c ompany. Part B Introduction and the Context of the Meeting The present meeting has been organised in order to address certain grievances that has been brought into light by one of our colleagues who feels that the issues put forward by him is of utmost importance to the company as well as the workforce of the organisation. The context which has been put forward by him is motivation. The employee Mr. Jonathan Marsh has stated that the company has not been able to take care of the reward system properly and this has led to demoralisation of him as an employee. Even though he doesnt speak of the other employees but from his point of view having a reward system that is able to address issues equally is important for the company which he feels is not the case right now with Woolworths Ltd. As the Senior HR Manager of the organisation I feel it is necessary as the representative of the workforce of the company to eliminate all the confusions as well as the grievances that the employees have, and also to ensure that there is no possibilities of tur moil within the organisation. As the employee of the company as well as the representative of the organisation I felt it is extremely important to understand the problems of the employees which might create performance gap and though Mr. Marsh I think we will be able to focus on eliminating the issues relevant to employee performance. I would like to introduce to the honorable panel of senior executives who are here to preside over the meeting: Mr. Paul Clarke (Senior Executive Operations) Mr. David Miller (HR Director) Mr. Peter Tanner (Member of the Board of Directors). Script Jonathan (Employee): Hello everyone, its a pleasure to finally meet you people. Well I dont know whether I am eligible enough to come and talk to people of your stature, but in this small tenure that I have been with the company I found out, we are free to put forward our views for the betterment of the organisation as well as for the personal development of the employees. So, I kind of gathered courage to bring one of the most important issues to bring to your notice that employees or to say I consider important for the development of the company as well as for personal development. Mr. Tanner (Member of BOD): You are definitely free to put it forward as long as it is for the best interest of the organisation. Employee: Thank you for your kind words, but Sir, in the recent past I have noticed that I am personally falling short of motivation to work for the company. Mr. Tanner: and, why is that? I mean you must have a reason. Employee: I feel that I am not being properly considered for incentives and rewards in spite of putting my best possible performance (pauses). Mr. Clarke: Why do you exactly feel that you are not being treated properly for incentives? Was there any kind of ill-treatment which has not been brought to our notice? If yes, have you personally suffered any kind ill treatment from the managers? Mr. Tanner: The basic point is what is it that makes you think there has been prejudiced action within the work environment? Employee: Sir, I think the problem is weak reward management system. As monitoring of the performances are done properly. I personally feel that I have done enough for the development of the organisation continuously treating consumers effectively but I have been neglected and deprived of incentives. I have not got any increments in the last one and half years which I feel completely unjustified even after getting appreciation from my immediate manager for the work. This has created conflict with some of my colleagues who have received better treatment than me in terms of incentives. I personally feel very demotivated and often think of leaving the organisation. Mr. Miller: Okay Mr. Marsh we have got the records of your performance of the last 14 months which has highlighted your approach to the company. It clearly shows your loyalty and dedication. I personally will take care of the problem and will make sure to identify employees like you who have not been treated properly so that it decreases the growing rift between the employer and the employees. This is a unanimous decision from the panel and I promise you to take care of the matter and scrutinise the issue. Mr. Clarke: Having gone through your performance report I could clearly understand the agony. As an organisation we do not want any of our loyal employees to leave us or to have a wrong notion towards the reward system of the organisation. It seems that your increment has been the subject to mismanagement in the system which would be straightaway fixed up. I will personally scrutinise the appraisal system and ensure that people like you are recognised for your contribution for the company. Mr. Marsh its clearly right of you to think about leaving the job, but I will assure you that from now on the company will take care of all the possible troubles that you or any other employee will have. We will reinstate the mid level management to look into this matter which will be personally headed by me. I believe this problem is not solely your problem and many other employees might feel like this which might create the problem of employee turnover. Mr. Tanner: This is a very important point raised by Mr. Clarke. We do not want any of our employees to leave the job for stagnated growth. Woolworths is known for its great customer service and for that we need people like you. I have already planned to bring this subject to the notice of the Board of Directors who will further decide the possible solutions for the employees. Mr. Miller: On that note I would like to add that since you have been very concerned about motivation to work with the company the panel has decided to take your matter, in fact all the employees who are doing well would be considered for increment. The list will be announced soon and you will be notified. Legally your contracts with the company will be made permanent as per the Employment Law in Australia you have crossed your probation and hence you will be considered for being permanent with the company with revised emoluments. Wish you luck. Employee: Thank you, for showing concern towards us. This is probably the best form of motivation that one employee can get. Mr. Miller: it is an announcement that the management will declare to the employees that being vocal about problems will ease our problems. Thanks. Conclusion The senior managers involved in the meeting have employed an effective communication theory where they mainly listened to the candidate with the problems and showed effective managerial skills to motivate him to start work and employed the negotiation strategy with a soft approach by promising the employee to take care into the matter and address the grievances of the employees similar to Jonathan Marsh. The present conversation also showed that listening is a great approach to make the other person standing on the opposite side is a great approach to analyse and solve issues especially regarding motivation and reward system (Fakhfakh et al., 2011). The seniors had had a wonderful strategy to handle the matter. They practically showed the management knowledge and implemented them on the present matter effectively. Employee turnover is a big problem for every company and there was clear hint that the employee was inclined to leave the job due to lack of incremental opportunities. The managers played it very well clearly communicating their views and future plans for the employees which clearly assured the employee. They also promised to look into the matter quickly which has also helped the employee to get back its lost faith on the company. It was a masterstroke to promise the employee permanent employment with the company which will obviously be based on the performance of the employee but it was an effective strategy for employee retention and instant encouragement as permanence in the company will ensure revised emolument structure with ESI, PF and incentive structure instantly improving which effective motivational strategy implemented on the employee (Gupta Shaw, 2014). It could be said that most of the employees nowadays are extrinsic in nature and want motivation which is provided by the extrinsic motivational factors like cash incentives and increments. Hence promising the employee in such a way has acted positively towards getting him back to business for the organisation. A soft negotiation has been implemented within the organisation which has helped the company to develop better communication of the employees with the company and this will give out positive result for the organisation in the future. Understanding the kind of employees the company is working with has helped the managers to deploy the strategy of creating extrinsic motivation by promising the employee immediate increments and development in the emolument structure that will make a spontaneous development of the employee behavior towards the organisation Clauwaert Schomann, 2012). Overall it could be said that the present study has highlighted the different aspects of employee relation and its impact on the development of the employees and their behavior towards the company. Woolworths is one of the leading retail companies in Australia and it has to have a good rapport with the employees and so organising employee dialogue sessions are effective for the company to know about the grievances and hurdles which might hinder their performances. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Clauwaert, S. and Schomann, I., 2012. Crisis and National Labour Law Reforms: A Mapping Exercise.Eur. Lab. LJ,3, p.54. Donaghey, J., Cullinane, N., Dundon, T. and Wilkinson, A., 2011. Reconceptualising employee silence problems and prognosis.Work, Employment Society,25(1), pp.51-67. Dulebohn, J.H., Molloy, J.C., Pichler, S.M. and Murray, B., 2009. Employee benefits: Literature review and emerging issues.Human Resource Management Review,19(2), pp.86-103. Fakhfakh, F., Perotin, V. and Robinson, A., 2011. Workplace change and productivity: Does employee voice make a difference?.The role of collective bargaining in the global economy: Negotiating for social justice. Fichter, M., Helfen, M. and Sydow, J., 2011. Employment relations in global production networks: Initiating transfer of practices via union involvement.Human Relations, p.0018726710396245. Gupta, N. and Shaw, J.D., 2014. Employee compensation: The neglected area of HRM research.Human Resource Management Review,24(1), pp.1-4. Heyes, J., 2011. Flexicurity, employment protection and the jobs crisis.Work, Employment Society,25(4), pp.642-657. Hung, S.Y., Durcikova, A., Lai, H.M. and Lin, W.M., 2011. The influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on individuals' knowledge sharing behavior.International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,69(6), pp.415-427. Juholin, E., berg, L. and Aula, P., 2015. Towards responsible dialogue: Searching for the missing piece of strategic employee communication.Communication ethics in a connected world. Brussels: Peter Lang. Karnes, R.E., 2009. A change in business ethics: The impact on employeremployee relations.Journal of Business Ethics,87(2), pp.189-197. Meyer, J.P. and Maltin, E.R., 2010. Employee commitment and well-being: A critical review, theoretical framework and research agenda.Journal of Vocational Behavior,77(2), pp.323-337. Noe, R.A., 2010.Employee training and development. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Ruck, K. and Welch, M., 2012. Valuing internal communication; management and employee perspectives.Public Relations Review,38(2), pp.294-302. Rychly, L., 2009.Social dialogue in times of crisis: Finding better solutions. Geneva: ILO. Stone, D.N., Deci, E.L. and Ryan, R.M., 2009. Beyond talk: Creating autonomous motivation through self-determination theory.Journal of General Management,34(3), p.75.

Introduction to Linguistics free essay sample

What is meant by the field of linguistics? This introductory chapter concerns some dimensions of linguistics, which give us a general idea of what linguistics is, including the history of linguistic, grammar, and other disciplines of linguistics study. What does grammar consist of and what are the relationship between one and another? How many languages do human beings have the capacity to acquire? What other studies are made in recent centuries? Each of these aspects are clearly described, and other chapters will go into further details.While in this chapter we will provide some less detailed information on the various aspects of linguistics mentioned so far. 1. 1 Defining Linguistics There is nothing that can be said by mathematical symbols and relations which cannot also be said by words. The converse, however, is false. Much that can be and is said by words cannot successfully be put into equations, because it is nonsense. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Linguistics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page C. Truesdell Linguistics is a study to describe and explain the human faculty of language. There is no doubt that linguistics has changed through human development. 1. 1. 1 History of linguisticsThe history of linguistics can be divided into three periods: antiquity, middle ages and modern linguistics. Antiquity Dating back to earlier period of linguistics, linguistics is often associated with a need to disambiguate discourse, especially for ritual texts or in arguments. Ancient Indians made a big contribution to linguistics development. Similarly, ancient Chinese played a key role in improving linguistics development. Around the same time as the Indian developed, ancient Greek philosophers were also debating the nature and origins of language.During this period, syntax and the use of particles developed fast. In addition, scholars proposed that word meanings are derived from sentential usage. 1. 1. 1. 2 Middle Ages In Middle East, in terms of expanding Islam in 8th century, a large number of people learn Arabic. Because of this, the earliest grammar came to being gradually. At the same time, Sibawayh, a famous scholar, wrote a book to distinguish phonetics from phonology. In the 13th century, Europeans introduced the notion of universal grammar. Modern Linguistics Modern linguistics beginning can date back to the late 18th century.With time passing by, the study of linguistics contains increasing contents. Meanwhile, it is used in other fields, computer, e. g. , has come to be called computational linguistics. The study of applications (as the recovery of speech ability) is generally known as applied linguistics. But in a narrower sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories of language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second language. Other related branches include anthropological linguistics, neurological linguistics, mathematical linguistics, and computational linguistics.However, linguistics is only a part of a much larger academic discipline, semiotics. It is the scientific study of language. It studies not just one single language of any one society, just like Chinese or French, but the language of all human beings. A linguist, though, does not have to know and use a large number of languages, but to investigate how each language is constructed. In short, linguistics studies the general principles whereupon all human languages are constructed and operated as systems of communication in their societies or communities. 1. 1. 2 An Interesting ComparisonLinguistics is a broad field to study, therefore, a linguist sometimes is only able to deal with one aspect of language at a time, and thus various branches arise: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, applied linguistics, pragmatics, psycholinguistics, lexicology, lexicography, etymology and so on. Suppose that the study of linguistics can be considered to be a computer, so linguistics is equal to the CPU, which supports all the other parts. Moreover, sound card would stand for phonetics and phonology, and then morphology and semantics are like the memory of the computer.Whats more, syntax plays as an important role to translate single words to a whole sentence which is full of meaning, just like a graphics card, which uses picture to make sense of the idea of memory stick. Finally, everything is ready, it s time to use computer and the same goes for language acquisition. Very interestingly, the properties of computer are amazingly similar to human language. from www. iflytek. com/english/Research-Introduction%20to%20TTS. htm Above all, linguistics is concerned with the study of verbal language particularly speech and written language.Whats more, language is a system and there is a set of options of which one must be chosen depending on the purpose and context. (Marie E. John P. , 1991, p. 64). 1. 2 The broad study of language Language is a highly complex system of communication, so it sometimes will be called a ‘system of systems’. It is used to construct, exchange, express, and record information and ideas. It performs these functions effectively because it is based upon systems that are understood by those using the language. In this chapter, four topics will be concerned.They are phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. In this section, some overall definitions and interactions among the four parts will be talked about. 1. 2. 1 Phonology In order to assist learners at the early stages of literacy, it is very important to understand the relationship between sounds and letters. The sounds of speech are studied in phonetics and phonology. (Marie E. John P, 1991) 1. 2. 1. 1 Definitions of phonology and phonetics Phonology is the study of sound systems- the invention of distinctive speech sounds that occurs in a language and the patterns wherein they fall.In other words, we study the abstract side of the sounds of language, a related but different subject that we call phonology (Peter, 2000). In short, it is about patterns and roots. On the other hand, it is more strict linguistics. Phonetics is the science which studies the characteristics of human sound-making, especially sounds used in speech, and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. In common, speech sound is used everywhere, and it can be divided into three parts: articulatory phonetics, auditory phonetics, and acoustic phonetics. . 2. 1. 2 The difference between phonology and phonetics It seems that phonology and phonetics are similar. That is why both of them make learners confused. In fact, they have great difference. Phonology pays attention to how speech sounds of a language pattern are put together according to regular rules. On the contrary, phonetics focuses mainly on description of how speech sounds are made. For instance, if someone says â€Å"we should get our two lips close together and then push them open with a strong air†, that means he or she is relevant to phonetics field.

EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES IN MARYLAND essays

EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES IN MARYLAND essays The origin of all emergency medical services lies in the emergency techniques of Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation made possible by the two Maryland pioneers in pre-hospital emergency care. In 1958, Johns physician Peter Safar published a study in the New England Journal of evaluated emergency artificial respiration techniques, which at that time, repeatedly raising the arms of the patient over the head to induce Specifically, Safar investigated the efficacy of the chest-pressure/arm compared to mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-airway techniques, establishing the overwhelming superiority of the latter over the former (Safar). At approximately the same time, another Johns Hopkins physician, Kouwenhoven, was engaged in research into the development of effective defibrillation equipment, when he noted the dramatic effects of external applied to the chest compartment on the arterial pressure. His actual concerned the application of defibrillation panels on dogs, but during the establishing the proper paddle pressure, he discovered the value of chest compartment externally. Shortly thereafter, the National Academy of combined the findings of the two Maryland physician into a standardized Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation rescue technique, now in use throughout the The first documentation in medical literature of a pre-hospital life- of CPR for acute cardiac arrest occurred in 1960, in Maryland as well. fighters had received CPR training at Johns Hopkins, which they implemented field, on a patient in full cardiac arrest. At that time, defibrillation been adapted to practical mobile use by first responders, so the patient treated with CPR at the scene and then rushed to Johns Hopkins, where he successfully defibrillated, eventually making a complete recovery (Bass). The development of CPR by Maryland physicians at Johns Hopkins the original basis for all first responder, ...

Customer Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Customer Service - Essay Example It is under the medical services industry and it is both a public and private health center as it houses both private and public wings. Sunrise Health Center has an in-patient bed capacity of sixty beds in four wards, with fifteen beds in each ward. The medical facility has fifteen employees with two in the senior management and two in junior management levels. Four employees are support staff where each is assigned to one ward. The other seven employees are medical staff who attend to patients and provide other medical services. The medical facility has a laboratory and a pharmacy which are manned by staff who are on a rotating work schedule. In-patients services are offered on a twenty four hour basis while the out-patient services are available during the normal working hours of 8.00am to 5.00pm from Monday to Saturdays. The out-patient section of the facility remains closed on Sundays and public holidays. The nearest hospital to Sunrise Health Center is St. Mary Mission Hospital which is twelve and a half miles away to the south. Sunrise Health Center refers all the complicated medical cases to this mission hospital and also relies on the referral hospital for supply of some drugs that are not readily available. St. Mary Mission Hospital also refers some of its patients to the medical facility for check-ups and other regular visits. This mostly happens for patients who live near Sunrise Health Center. Customer service in Sunrise Health Center seriously needs improvements. Some of the customer service issues identified are; lack of customer confidentiality, poor communication skills among the medical staffs, slow response to emergency medical cases, late opening and unavailability of drugs in the pharmacy. There have been two cases in the health center that were related to customer confidentiality. The first case involved a patient who developed breathing problems at work and was rushed to the health center by two of his

Comparative study of coastal protection against flooding between Dissertation

Comparative study of coastal protection against flooding between management alignment, seawall and breakwater design - Dissertation Example The ministry of Agriculture, fisheries and food has estimated that if there were no defence in England and Wales, the annual average value of damage from flooding and coastal erosion would be of the order of nearly  £3 billion, with the existence defence, damage still occur but is of the order of an average  £600 million a year (Maff, 2000) which is still a lot of money. The method that this project is going to be written on will be base on not only one aspect but three, which are economic, environmental and technical issues. Generally the management of flood and coastal defense within a strategic framework encourages practices that avoid disruption to natural processes and which are sustainable in the long term (including adapting to climate change). The areas that this project is going to be based on or the approach strategically will be based on: †¢ Brief introduction to beach morphology †¢ The administrative framework for flood and coastal defence in England and Wales. †¢ Problems with flood and coastal defence policies. †¢ Management realignment †¢ Breakwaters structures from concept to design †¢ Seawalls structures from concept to design †¢ Assessment of the impact of coastal defence †¢ The long-term views; †¢ Innovation in seeking and developing solution; †¢ A comprehensive regard to impacts; ... n seeking and developing solution; A comprehensive regard to impacts; The government flood and coastal defence policy is aiming: ‘‘To reduce risk to people and the developed and natural environment from flooding and coastal erosion by encouraging the provision of technically, environmentally and economically sound and sustainable defence measures.’’(HOC, 1998). Which is ideally what this project is about. BEACH MORPHOLOGY A beach can be defined as a deposit of mobile sediments located on the area in between the sea and the dry land that are regularly interfered with by the daily hydrodynamic processes such as tides, waves and current and in most cases wind (Rogers, Et al, 2010). British beaches around the coastline can be grouped into four main categories which include (i) Shingle, (ii) Shingle upper-sand lower, (iii) Mixed sand and shingle and finally (iv) sand. All the beaches around the UK demonstrate a continuing evolution process and can be practical co nsidered to have began the transformation towards the end of the last Ice Age when the Sea levels were approximately 50-80 m lower than the present day measurement. A clear justification that the beaches are transforming from to time is the fact that during the Ice Age the UK beaches from South Wales to East Anglia of the Britain north were covered by an Ice sheet while presently north of this line, virtually all of the beaches are covered by thick boulder clay deposits laid down beneath the ice sheet (Rogers, Et al, 2010). In certain areas specifically along the south and the east coast of the UK the advancing sea came across and battered soft sedimentary rocks most which comprised of sand and gravels deposited in ancient geological periods and were parts shoreline as cliffs or coastal slopes. It is this

Minimum Wage affecting the hunger and environmental nutrition Research Paper

Minimum Wage affecting the hunger and environmental nutrition - Research Paper Example Malnutrition, that is, lack of necessary ingredients for growth and development of people has thus been of great importance in many journals. Even with individuals with enough not feel hungry can still suffer malnutrition. In this case, the malnutrition is not just on lack of food but improper balanced diet. Food security, variety coupled with their affordability defines an environmental nutrition standard of a country. Dietary behaviors influence the whole community in a country though individual practices at household level. These dietary patterns are influenced by various factors among them the income of a household. The purchasing power of a household is determined by its income, holding any other factor constant (Mabli et al., 2010). The introduction of minimum wage requirement exposes various households to a threat of limited amount of goods and services. An income for a household is divided into various categories of expenses (Green-Lapierre et al.’ 2012). These expenses include among others recurrent bill payment, Personal hygiene items, allocation for transportation and most importantly food purchases. This part of argument is mostly concerned with influence of the idea of minimum wage on food purchase part of the expense (Barre, Mizier-Barre & Macintyre, 2011). A considerable high income obviously allows households to exercise a greater freedom in partitioning between the expenses and thus allowing for wide scope of choices, such as with food selection (Kirkpatrick & Tarasuk, 2010). Prices of different commodities are very vital in any decision regarding consumption. The ability to buy of a person is a function of the price under consideration. This means that household with low income or who due to the urgency of the other categories of expenses cannot afford high-nutrition foods are forced to resort to cheaper, less healthy foods (Mabli et al. 2010). Nutritious food consumption

The Phi Phi Islands

The Phi Phi Islands The Phi Phi Islands are situated in Thailand, between the large island of Phuket and the western coast of the mainland. It is consisted by group of islands such as Phi Phi Don, Phi Phi Lae, Bidanok, Bida Nai, Yoong, Pai, the largest of which is named Koh Phi Phi Don, the only one with permanent inhabitants on. As a scene of a British-American film ‘The Beach in 2000, this island came to a worldwide tourist attraction. Unfortunately it was trampled by the Indian Ocean Tsunami on December 2004, when almost every infrastructure on the island is destroyed. Till now, most of this has been restored and reopened to tourists all over the world. As established a national park of Thailand in 1983, the islands feature beaches and limpid sea water are under the protection of local government. Tourism on Phi Phi, like the rest part of Krabi province, has developed only very recent years. It was so natural that only the most adventurous visited this island staying in only the most basic accommodation in the early 1990s. Nowadays, however, this island is becoming one of the major destinations for travellers in Krabi. Compared to other islands nearby, Phi Phi islands are still highly less exploded, where no road on the largest island while the others are completely free of human inhabitants. Hence visitors would enjoy their casual vacation without hustle and bustle. Based on its idyllic tourism resource, hiking, snorkelling and diving are the activities most highly recommended by every tourism agency company. Meanwhile fishing, rock climbing and cliff jumping are enjoyed among their specific participants. Tourism System Identification Before starting to write a management plan, it is necessary to identify resources of main destination. Resources include natural resources, culture, capital and organizations. Natural resources are climate, water, geography and scenery. Culture is about historic sites, cuisine, religion, local celebrities. Capital includes infrastructure, transportation and financing. Organizations are including public and private sectors. Natural resources Ø Weather Phi Phi islands are located between the Pacific and the Indian. It is located about 50 km from Phuket. Because of its location, the weather is around 24 °C to 32 °C year round. From November to March is the best time to visit the island. However, local people enjoy from June to August. The reason is the weather is good and there are less people or tourists in famous sites. Ø Water and Geography In 1998, over 150,000 tourists visited Phi Phi islands and most of them are foreigners (Seenprachwong, 2001) because the Phi Phi has 3S. These are Sun, Sand and Sea. The sea is very beautiful and clean so that it is famous for scuba diving and swimming. The island is composed by limestone. Hence, it has a significant view of reefs. People even can see it clearly under the water. Moreover, in the south-east of Phi Phi Lay, there is a place called Viking Cave. The cave is full of wall paintings. Most paintings are elephants and boats. It is shown that people has lived in Phi Phi Island long time ago. Phi Phi Don is the biggest island. In the north of this island, there is called Laem Tong. It is a best place for scuba diving. The plentiful, various marine ecology is the most important reason. Beaches such as Ao Lodalum and Ao Ton Sai are also good places for tourists to have a relax moment in Phi Phi. Ø Scenery As this report mentioned before, Phi Phi is part of National Park in 1983. In 1990s there are more and more people came to Phi Phi Islands. There are two reasons. The first is that it is near to Phuket. When Phuket is crowded by tourists, some people will come to Phi Phi for enjoying a relaxing and quiet time. The second reason is that the island, Phi Phi Lay is the scene of the movie â€Å"The Beach†. This place is Maya Bay. Some of tourists will come here to have sightseeing and have an adventure to experience sceneries of the movie. Culture Phi Phi island is belonged to Krabi Province. The population of Krabi is about 458,000 in 2000. 60 percent of people are Buddhists. 40 percent are Muslims. It makes the place with plenty of events. For example, there is a celebration called â€Å"Songkran Festival† during the Thai New Year. People will celebrate by visiting temples, sprinkling water on Buddha images for showing respects to Buddha, and sprinkling water on each others hands for wishing good luck. However, it becomes a water fight in recent years. Everyone is crazy to pull water on each other, no matter friends, strangers, or tourists. There is no exception that people will not get wet on that day. The report has mentioned there is a Viking cave in Phi Phi Lay. The cave is full of ancient paintings. It is a place to discover ancient history. Because paintings include many kinds of boats, Chinese boats and European boats, this place might be a transfer harbour of trade or a shelter for mariners from storms. Most of hotels and restaurants are in Tonsai. The famous cuisine in Tosai is seafood. People sell fresh seafood which is caught in the morning to attract tourists. After sun sinks into the sea, many nightclubs, bars are lightening up. Some restaurants only open in the night. Capital Ø Infrastructure Since 1990, the tourism development makes this place more and more crowded. This development lets the environment in danger. When the movie â€Å"The Beach† filmed here, the company destroyed the environment by cutting down trees and planted coconut trees, building villas. This made a huge impact while tsunami hit Phi Phi islands in 2004. Most of buildings collapsed, around 70 percent. Thai government even prohibited people go to the island. After July, 2005, most buildings were rebuilt by government and about 300 shops and events started again. After this natural disaster, Thai government started to plant trees which were big enough to reduce damages by natural disasters. Also, they proposed an agenda to protect local environment by limiting the development of hotels and setting up the limitation of tourists. However, local people were against this proposal. There were near 1500 hotels and restaurants opened again in the end of 2005. Tonsai is the main place of tourists. There is a tourist information centre. There are few banks in Tonsai which is located in Phi Phi Don. However, there are no banks or ATMs on the east coast. People only can change or withdraw money here. Ø Transportations Phi Phi is near to Phuket and Krabi, only 50 km. There are two ways to go to Phi Phi. The first vehicle is ferries. People can take ferry form Phuket or Krabi. It takes 90 minutes. Moreover, people can travel by ferries with their cars. However, it only has two ferries each day. The other option is by speedboats. Companies are private. There are some speedboats companies to choose. It is more flexible then taking ferries. People can even get to their chosen resorts to save more time. The inner roads of islands are small. The island is small, about 28000 km ². Hence, the most famous vehicle which people can use is bicycle. Organizations Ø Public The number of tourists is increasing year by year. It was 2.5 million in 1981, and 11 million in 1993 to the national parkas. Because of this, the government revises laws year by year to solve the environmental problems. Hence, the Thai government had a proclamation of the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Environmental Quality Act. Of B.E. 2535 (1992). This Act is about prescribing how to manage, plan and maintain the environmental quality. There are some features of this Act, such as the polluter pays principles, designation of environmental conservation and protection zone, pollution control zone and special working group. Besides, The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) had an event which could awake peoples awareness of environmental conservation. The authority used many ways to tell people how to protect environment, such as media, TATs publications and news. TAT also trained youth people to have knowledge of conservation. There were some campaigns which were held in tourist destinations calling people from every community to clean destinations, such as â€Å"Beautiful Phuket† project. Ø Tsunami Warning System Tsunami warning system is established in 1949. It is a system which can predict where tsunami happens and warn people to reduce damages. There are 26 countries and states joining the system. Thailand is one of members. However, before 2004, there is no detection system in west coasts of Thailand. That is one reason why Puket and Phi Phi Island had a huge damage. After this, the government set up the system in west coasts. In last year, there is about 14.09 million tourists from everywhere to Thailand. Ø Private After tsunami hit Phi Phi Island, a resident in Phi Phi gathered local Thais and foreign volunteers to help people to live. The group was called â€Å"Hi Phi Phi†. First, they cleaned up Phi Phi Islands. Then, they help local people to repaint houses, hotels and replant trees. They were essentials and hopes for restaurants, bars and guesthouses in Phi Phi Island to support their life. Now, their mission is complete. The group is trying to help local people for setting up charities. Charities can assist people to reconstruction and take care of orphans in a long-term. Phi Phi Island is the renowned and alluring tourism destination in Thailand and in particular famous for its diversity of diving reefs and habitats. The regular tour activities of phi phi island include scene watching, fishing, diving, rock- climbing, sea kayaking and spas. Management Plan Ao Nang Tourism Strategy Steering Committee (ATSSC) is the regional institution based on Phi Phi Island and specific in exploring new tourism attractions; promote the resorts and public the up-to -date tourism information. ATSSC is the leader in achieving a sustainable tourism destination by balancing the economic profits and environmental, local cultural value in a regional and global context. The main target of the committee in 2010 is to project the â€Å"Phi Phi Island Tourism Development Program 2010†. Objectives First, combining the amazing natural resources and unique local cultures to foster the tourism industry as a viable sector of local economy(Stynes,D OHalloran,C,1987); to position the Phi Phi Island as the preferred four-season tourism and sports activities destination and build a recognizable even yearning image of Phi Phi Island among the travellers around the world. Second, to encourage marketing initiatives that based on the existing tourism resources and comparative advantages to promote tourism development. On the premise of not ruining environment, the committee and local communities try to explore new activities to attract more staying visitors through promotion and provision of visitor infrastructures, tour services and characteristic events. Third, to ensure the program is the well-managed process (D. Stynes C. OHalloran, 1987), keeping the tourism development with the carrying capabilities of the host community, balancing the needs of the travellers and needs of the local residence. The locals which live in the prime tourism location have great impact on the tourism development. One of the key objectives of the program is to gain a greater level of acceptance and support of local people, teach the locals to understand the impacts of tourism on local economy as well as to facilitate efforts to upgrade the quality of service, amenities and attractions. Tourism is the pillar industry in Phi Phi Island, the committee aims to create more job opportunities and foster the investment through the program so as to enhance the viability and sustainability of local economy. Tourism development is a systematic project which requires corporation among economic development agencies, the government representatives and tourism agencies(D. Stynes C. OHalloran,1987). One aim of the program is to gain genuine willingness to promote greater cooperation as well as to share responsibilities among different social sectors to facilitate the feasibility of the objectives and achieve the best results. AlternativesGeneration To generate tourism development alternatives requires some integrated analysis of local resources and demands of visitors. The committee present three tourism development plans as below: Ø International Water Sports Centre: Phi Phi Island is the most attractive scuba diving destination in Thailand because its tranquility privacy and its bespoke diving pier.(McGeown K,2005) The uniqueness of diving in Phi Phi Island compare to other islands in Krabi province are the amazing limestone cliffs drastically straight jutting out of sea and down to the sea as well as its diversity of diving reefs and habitats. On the basis of advantaged natural resources, the committee schemes to build Phi Phi Island as the world renowned Water Sports Centre (WSC scheme) covers from diving, snorkelling to sea kayaking. Ø Wedding Paradise: Phi Phi Island is the delightful place that full of cultural flavor and receives much exposure from Hollywood movies. The Maya Bay is the original setting place of love movieâ€Å"The Beach† starred Leonardo Di Caprio and â€Å"The man with golden gun† with James Bond. The remarkable natural scenery not only attracts the big names, the alluring local culture also fascinates the new couples and honeymooners around the world. Infinite business opportunities hide in the pristine beach and crystal clear water, the ATSSC committee projects a theme tour that target on the young people, in particular the young couple to cater for the weddings and honeymoon services. This proposition will not only attract more staying visitors, but also drive development of related industries such as hotels, restaurants and bars and ferry industries. Ø Ultimate Wellness Sanctuary: The Phi Phis natural beauty is a large chunk of allure that attracts visitors from all ages. The path behind the Tonsai Village is the ideal position to view the classic landscape, and the long beach is super excellent for the view of sun rise and sun set. After one day trip, having an energy-enriching treatment is the fantastic enjoyable finish. Phi Phi Island is one of the origins of Thai Spa due to its rich natural materials include flower extracts, plants oils, sea weeds and fish-roe. The committee proposes to upgrade the spa treatment on Phi Phi Island to an upper class on the basis of pure natural resources and traditional massages. Transform the spa industry from the tourism supporting business to the core local industry. Alternatives Evaluation It is important to evaluate the tourism development alternatives from the feasibility analysis and impact analysis with the â€Å"Benefits and Cost† approach which link the tourism activities with the stability of local economy, the sensitivity of environment and social structure (Walsh, R.G, 1985). The tourism development program impact on Phi Phi Island as below: Impact on local government: local government takes the major responsibilities to provide the infrastructures and services that key to tourism development. Developing the new tourism project can push government to ensure the carrying capacities, infrastructures that to meet the anticipated demands. Phi Phi Island has rich storage of natural resources and its tourism has developed more than two decades, in particular the diving industry has grown maturely. The new tourism project will reduces the capital pressure of government and increase the government revenue through charges, sales and taxes. (Stynes, D.J, 2004) Impact on local business: The tourism development can directly serve the community benefit and drive related industries. The diving centre can attract more divers that stimulate the development of local transportation; the wedding services drive the growth of flower planting and the spa industry generate more job opportunities for skilled locals. However, the key point for tourism development is the more â€Å"self-sufficient† the community is, the better the tourism impact. (Stynes,D.J, 2004) For example, although Phi Phi Island has the fantastic diving sites, the necessary diving equipments are mostly imported from U.S, Europe and Australia. If these products are bought to mush from outside, the large amount of tourist spending will leak out of the local economy. Impact on environment and residence: The quality of environment and life may go up or down depends on the way of tourism development. (D. Stynes C. OHalloran,1987) Developing Tourism may generate more job opportunities and increase revenue as well providing more retailers, hotels and restaurants; however, from the other hand, it also mean the higher living cost, busier traffic and higher tax, and the possibilities of environmental damage. (D. Stynes C. OHalloran,1987) In addition, tourism is the season-sensitive industry, and tourism work are basically in service sector and most are seasonal, part-time and low wage. The local government and tourism committee should balance the benefit and cost of tourism development and make a sustainable and strategically tourism development plan. Tourism Development Decision Tourism development plan should consider the relative roles of social sectors and involve a series of decisions. The ATSSC project the tourism program from four aspects. Segmentation: Phi Phi Island is the alluring destination full of natural resorts and cultural mystery that attract the customers from all age groups all over the world. The target market of new tourism program is more precise based on the demographics and interests groups. Phi Phi Island is famous for its diving and sports, the committee aim to build the Phi Phi Island as the paradise of young people who love sports and beauty and are keen to spend indelible holiday in the pearl of Andaman Sea (Xinhua,2006). Place: The destinations of Phi Phi Island program include the Phi Phi Don, Phi Phi Lee and the group islands. The key to perfect the local tourism is to regulate and improve the transportations among the different diving sites and attractions by combining the ferries, fast boat with the traditional boats as the uniqueness of local tourism. Upgrade the local attractiveness: Ø Diving: The Phi Phi Island will offer the remarkable variety of diving possibilities to different degrees of divers from beginners to expertise. The local diving club will provide four-hour â€Å"Discover Scuba Diving† to the beginners that introduce the basic skills, the equipment instructions and accompany the divers all the time to experience the beauty of white coral bush. For the divers who want to be certificated divers, the club will advise them to join the â€Å"Dive the globe† program to take further experience in the most popular diving site the Ko Bida Nok to appreciate huge garden of star corals and incredible beauty of anemones as well to play with the clown fish. For the certificated divers and PADI divers, the club tailors the special activities and guides the divers in small groups in speedboat and long tail boat to experience the specialty dives. (Udomsak,S,2003) Ø Snorkeling and Sea Kayaking: There are abundant coral reefs systems around Maya Bay, Pi Leh Bay and Bamboo Island that fantastic for snorkeling. Kayaking some uninhabited beaches and Viking caves in other islands is also the glorious alternative to the adventure potentials and addition to the overall water activities. Ø Wedding and honeymoon service: No one can reject the wedding with serenaded by sea gull and waves on a tropical pristine beach, massaged by soft sands and warm water from Andaman Sea. The tourism committee closely connected with the local premium hotels will offer one-step wedding services with world-class hospitable residences, fresh and colorful flowers and lovely weather. There are variety wedding package can be chose, from economic to luxury all guarantee to leave you the scared and memorable wedding. Ø Ultimate pampering spa: On Phi Phi Island, the visitors can experience the authentic Thai style spa in the atmosphere of tranquility. Phi Phi Island has its favourable natural advantage that has a rich storage of natural material, however, the massage parlours lack the unified standards and regulations to ensure the quality of service. The committee projects a training program for all the massage parlours on Phi Phi Island include the security check of environment, quality check of massage products, the certification of skill workers; the program does not mean to standardization of the spa service, on the contrary, the committee encourage the massage parlours to offer the unique services on the basis of security. Expected results The program will be launched on May, 2010. In the initial period, the committee and local government will focus on completing the local infrastructures and improving the carrying capacities to satisfy the increasing demand of anticipated visitors. With the international water sports centre completed, the committee anticipates Phi Phi Island will become the key all-round tourism destination in Andaman Sea. Tourism is a systematic industry, the committee hope to take advantage of new round tourism development program to drive speed growth of local service business, transportation industry, generate more working opportunities as well to build the goodwill image of Phi Phi Island around the world. Sustainable Development Considering the graceful scenery given by earth, it is absolutely a competitive advantage for their tourism industry. However, small island ecosystem is less complicated hence fragile, even slightly changes may cause the collapse the whole food chain on this island. Without mentioning the careless visitors from every corner of the world, the most careful travellers would leave their trail by hiking, diving, or even simply breathing. For example, a new exploring route through jungle might threaten the small animals feeding on bugs and worms, would directly cause the drastically rise of natural enemies to plants. Under the circumstances of spices singularity of small ecosystem, such change is fatal. Then how to protect the environment while making fully use of its natural resources is the question facing to authority. First of all, environmental protection awareness should be engraved on everyones mind. There should be consideration of environment protecting details through every step of development. From raw materials of building infrastructure to conspicuous signs at which remind travellers and even emission control of transportation, are basically demand. Second, accompany with the increasing tourism industry, a comparative rise of local inhabitant is a vital strike on ecosystem. Instead of restricting people moving onto the small island, it is wisely for authority to encourage local resident moving out, meanwhile providing more convenient transport. At last, there should be a visitor quantity control system. Providing different promotion and differentiating events, to avoid a capacity overload, which would lower the customer satisfactory and even lead to environment disrupti on. Apparently, there would be a conflict between sustainable development and profit maximization, however, it refers to improve reasonably and continuously. Conclusion Based on the identification of Phi Phi Island tourism system from variety resources including natural, culture, capital and organizations, this report set up series of objectives. In order to fulfil fostering the tourism industry with a combination of natural resources and local culture, encouraging promotion on existing tourist activities, and developing local economy through providing more job opportunities and attracting investment, several alternatives were generated. But these alternatives may influence the stability of local economy and environment. After evaluation of the impacts on different aspects from those choices, this plan made appropriate modifications to accomplish goal. In the end, a successful alternative requires thoroughly resources analysing and impacts predicting with a sustainable implementation, so that achieve the initial objectives.

Violence Essay -- Handguns Firearms Essays

Violence Skills & Science of Doctoring By now images of horror and shock like the one of students and teachers crying at Buell Elementary have become all-too-common. As we reel once again from the terrible thought that an innocent life has been taken and it was a child who pulled the trigger, we should be vigilant for the next event, which is becoming equally predictable†¦ As public health professionals, we are trained to ask important questions so we can treat both the symptoms and root causes of a sickness. We will give a child medicine for a fever, but also antibiotics for the microorganism causing the illness. The question to ask when diagnosing this tragedy is a simple one: Where did a seven-year-old boy get a loaded gun? (â€Å"Physicians†) Many physicians feel that they do not have a direct influence on preventing violence. Yet, as patient advocates, it is often physicians who have the best opportunity to intercede on the behalf of patients in potentially violent circumstances. Numerous paradigms of violence exist, and it may be difficult for the physician to cover the range of issues productively and efficiently in a single visit. Instead, the physician may wish to confront these topics over a series of visits to best assess the patient’s willingness to discuss these issues and act in the recommended manner. This paper serves not only to bring to light issues of violence with which a physician may be presented, but also provides a model for discussing these issues with patients to best provide preventative techniques. Historically, violence has been dealt with by local communities and governmental agencies. However, recent studies show that the propensity towards violence begins in one’s childhood. Specifically... .... Aug 1998, 152(8): 749-56. Kaplan, Sandra J. MD Family Violence: A Clinical and Legal Guide. American Psychiatric Press, Inc. Washington, DC 1996. Newberger, Eli H. Child Abuse. Violence in America: A Public Health Approach. Oxford University Press. NY 1991. â€Å"Physicians for Social Responsibility: Violence Prevention.† [online:web]. www.psr.org â€Å"Public Housing Drug Elimination Program; Gun Buyback Violence Reduction Initiative.† Join Together Online. [online:web]. www.jointogether.org â€Å"Research Reveals Links Between Substance Abuse and Gun Violence.† Join Together Online. [online:web]. www.jointogether.org Rosenberg, Mark L. & Mercy, James A. Assaultive Violence. Violence in America: A Public Health Approach. Oxford University Press. NY 1991. â€Å"Stop Handgun Violence.† [online:web]. www.stophandgunviolence.com

Dyspraxia

The term dyspraxia derives from the Greek work praxis, meaning â€Å"movement process† (Dworkin, 2005). It is a disorder that affects motor skill development. People with dyspraxia have trouble planning and completing fine motor tasks. This can vary from simple motor tasks such as waving goodbye to more complex tasks like brushing teeth. Throughout the years, dyspraxia has also been called congenital maladriotness, developmental coordination disorder, clumsy child syndrome and sensory integration disorder (Hamilton, 2011). The first documented research in â€Å"poor muscular coordination in children† was in 1926 by Louisa Lippitt.She developed a manual for corrective gymnastics for women to help correct coordination problems. Lippitt felt that the coordination issues were a condition of the nervous system and was one of the first to want to treat it with therapeutic measures (Cermak & Larkin, 2002). The term Dyspraxia was first documented and given a name in 1937 in the U. K. by Samuel T. Orton, who called it developmental dyspraxia. He was a neurologist and he felt that dyspraxia was caused by lesions in the brain, especially to the dominate hemisphere of the brain.The technology available at the time could not prove or disprove his theories. Most scientists since have discounted his view, and instead believe it to be a problem with neural connections. Even so, his work was important because he was the first to note that dyspraxia caused problems with complex movement and could involve speech as well as body movements (Platt, 2011). In the USA, dyspraxia was first given recognition in 1947, through the work of Strauss and Lehtinen. They published research and were considered pioneers in the observation of behavioral characteristics of what they termed â€Å"the brain injured child†.Lehtinen was actually one of the first to use the term â€Å"learning disabilities† (Kass & Maddux, 2005). In 1975, people began to call it â€Å"Clumsy Child Syndrome† and children who had the disorder were called â€Å"Clumsy Children†. This term is now considered inappropriate, as it describes the child and not the movement and has negative connotations (Hamilton, 2011). There are four categories of dyspraxia. They include ideomotor dyspraxia, ideational dyspraxia, oromotor dyspraxia and constructional dyspraxia. Ideaomotor dyspraxia is the inability to complete single step motor tasks like waving goodbye or brushing one’s hair.Ideational dyspraxia is difficulty with multi-step tasks like making a bed or buttoning and zipping pants. Oromotor dyspraxia has to do with speech in that it presents itself as a difficulty coordinating the muscle movements needed to say words. Lastly, constructional dyspraxia is difficulty with spatial relationships like moving objects from one place to another (NCLD Editorial Staff, 2010). Dyspraxia also presents itself differently in different age groups. In babies and young childr en, it can be seen as a difficulty learning to walk or jump.It can also show as a difficulty in speaking and being understood. Also, some young children will be slow to establish left or right handedness. Young children with dyspraxia may seem clumsy and frequently bump into things. Babies and children may be easily irritated by touch, like the feeling of some fabrics on their skin (NCLD Editorial Staff, 2010). In school aged children, dyspraxia looks a bit different. Students will have trouble with fine motor skills and it exhibits itself as difficulty holding a pencil or holding scissors.These students will also have trouble with sports or gym class due to poor coordination. If they have oromotor issues, they may have slow or difficult to understand speech. These issues often cause social withdrawal because these students feel embarrassed and awkward. This is the age in which students begin to have psychological issues in addition to their dyspraxia (NCLD Editorial Staff, 2010). I n adults, dyspraxia looks similar, with some slight differences. Adults with oromotor issues will still have speech issues, but it is generally problems with volume, articulation and pitch.Some adults with dyspraxia will have difficulty writing. They may not be able to drive and are still very clumsy. It can also become evident when an adult has difficulty with personal grooming due to motor skill issues. They also continue to have texture issues and sensitivity to touch (NCLD Editorial Staff, 2010). References Cermak, S. A. & Larkin, D. (2002). Developmental Coordination Disorder. Albany, NY. Delmar, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Dworkin, J. (2005). Apraxia. Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders. Retrieved from http://www. encyclopedia. com/topic/Apraxia. spx. Hamilton, S. S. (2011). Overview of Developmental Coordination Disorder. Retrieved from http://www. uptodate. com/contents/overview-of-developmental-coordination-disorder. Kass, C. E. and Maddux, C. D. (2005) A H uman Development View of Learning Disabilities: From Theory to Practice. Springfield, IL. Charles C Thomas Publisher, LTD. NCLD Editorial Staff. (2010). What is Dyspraxia? Retrieved from http://www. ncld. org/ld-basics/ld-aamp-language/writing/dyspraxia. Platt, G. (2011). Beating Dyspraxia With a Hop, Skip and a Jump. Philadelphia, PA. Jessica Kinglsey Publishers.